I have gone so far as to read part of the article itself and skim the rest. It is a study of salt producers in those centuries ("salineros" refers both to the workers and to those who leased and ran the salt beds) based on data found in the Archivo Histórico Nacional on the salt beds in the Bay of Cadiz. "Propuesta", a word that is widely used in Spanish and often difficult to translate, really means a proposed view of how the salineros operated, based on this evidence.

I would be tempted to put something like "the case of the Bay of Cadiz", since it is really a case study which is put forward as representative, or "a view from the Bay of Cadiz", taking a different and somewhat punning approach. But I think "approach" comes closest to capturing what they mean by "propuesta": both a body of evidence and a methodology.

You could put "an approach from the Bay of Cadiz" or "an approach based on the Bay of Cadiz"; the former is neater but the latter is really more accurate.

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 20 hrs (2012-12-13 11:59:23 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

I think so, yes. "Salt makers" doesn't sound idiomatic to me, and "salt workers" would be just the workers, but "producers" could cover all those involved in salt production. In the article (p. 441) it says that "el término salineros se aplicaba indistintamente y de una forma genérica tanto a los arrendatarios como a los trabajadores de las salinas". Maybe "producers" tends to apply more to those who run the business, so you could say "salt producers and workers", but I think "producers" alone would do.

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 22 hrs (2012-12-13 13:54:11 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

I didn't see that. "Salters" is correct, in fact; "salter" is in the dictionary, defined as "one who deals in or manufactures salt". If you're translating the whole article I think you could use it. It's not a very well-known word, though, so perhaps for the title "salt producers" might be preferable.