English Social Sciences History

I am looking for a spelling of a person. Born in 1869 and died in 1943 he is considered to be a pioneer of cranial studies, and first Director of Smithonian Institute (before this famous Institution bore this current name). He was born in Bohemia and imigrated to the US on/around 1880, got MD from Harvard (if I remember correctly), but did not practice medicine. Instead he devoted his entire life studying bones, especially skull of virtually every race from ancient to contemporay.
His name is, phonetically, Fedelica, Federica, Phedelica ---- something of its proximity.
I desperately need his first and last name so I resorted the help here, even this is not directly a translation question (OH Yes it is. I need it in Japanese, but of course English is what I am looking for). Any hint will be greatly appreciate.